No title?
For untitled art/images, include a description in square brackets in place of a title. Example: [Orange cat in a tree] [Painting].
Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.
A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.
Artist's Last Name, First initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of release). Title of artwork [Medium]. Name of Museum, City, State, Country. URL of museum if from website
Note: Use this format to cite all types of museum artwork, including paintings, sculptures, photographs, prints, drawings, digital art, crafts, and installations. If the artwork is available via a museum website, cite that website at the end of the citation. If there is no associated website, simply omit the URL.
| Reference List Example |
van Gogh, V. (1889). The starry night [Painting]. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, United States. https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/vincent-van-gogh-the-starry-night-1889/ |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Artist's Last Name, Year) Example: (van Gogh, 1889) |
| In-Text Quote |
(Artist's Last Name, Year) Example: (van Gogh, 1889) |
Photographer's Last Name, First initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of publication). Title of photograph [Photograph]. Source/Site. URL
| Reference List Examples |
McCurry, S. (1985). Afghan girl [Photograph]. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/national-geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers/#/ngm-1985-jun-714.jpg Note: For an untitled photograph, include a description in square brackets in place of a title. Ryan, S. (2019). [Sea smoke on Lake Michigan] [Photograph]. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/world/year-in-pictures.html |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Artist's Last Name, Year) Example: (McCurry, 1985) |
| In-Text Quote |
(Artist's Last Name, Year) Example: (McCurry, 1985) |
Name of Company That Owns the Product. (Year, Month Day of issue which contains advertisement if known). Title of advertisement [Advertisement]. Name of Journal, Magazine or Newspaper, Volume(Issue) if known, page number advertisement is found on.
Note: APA 7 does not give specific directions on citing advertisements. These examples are based on APA 6.
| Reference List Example |
BMW. (2011, June 4). Diesel reinvented [Advertisement]. Vroom Magazine, 7(1), 17. |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Company Name, Year) Example: (BMW, 2011) |
| In-Text Quote |
(Company Name, Year, p. Page Number) Example: (BMW, 2011, p. 17) |
Have a question about citing visual works that isn't answered on this page? Take a look at these webpages, created by authorities on APA style, for more detailed information:
