Who to Credit - DVD or Film (including Netflix, Hulu, etc.)
Many people can be involved in the production of a video and not all need to be listed in the citation. Typically the director is the name that is used. To clarify what role that person has in the production, the job title Director is put after their name in round brackets.
Who to Credit - Streaming Video from a Website
For videos from websites such as YouTube or Vimeo, credit the person who posted the content. If a real name is provided, use that followed by the person's user name in square brackets. If the real name of the person who posted the content is not known, just use their user name without brackets.
Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.
A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.
Person/Group that uploaded video or film Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. if known (Director). (Year film/video was created, Month Day if known). Title of work [Video/Film]. Name of library database.
| Reference List Example |
Australian Broadcasting Corporation. (2009). World's oldest mummies [Video file]. Films on Demand. OR Smith, J. J. (Director). (2009). World's oldest mummies [Video file]. Films on Demand. |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Name of Company/Organization/Director, Year) Example: (Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2009) or (Smith, 2009) |
| In-Text Quote |
(Name of Company/Organization/Director, Time stamp) Example: (Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2009, 15:23) or (Smith, 2009, 15:23) Note: If you are citing a direct quotation from a video, you can use the time stamp in place of a page number within the in-text citation. |
Note: we recommend using this format for citing videos in Netflix and Hulu as well.
Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Director). (Year of publication). Title motion picture [Film]. Production Company
| Reference List Example |
Loyd, P. (Director). (2008). Mamma mia! [Film]. Universal Pictures. Note: If you have more than one director to credit, separate the names with a comma and put an ampersand (&) before the last person's last name. |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Directorr's Last Name, Year) Example: (Loyd, 2008) |
| In-Text Quote |
(Director's Last Name, Year, Time stamp) Example: (Loyd, 2008, 22:45) Note: If you are citing a direct quotation from a film, you can use the time stamp in place of a page number within the in-text citation. |
Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video] . (Year video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Name of streaming service. URL
Note: According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted the video is credited as the author. If the author’s name is the same as the username, you can omit the [Username].
| Reference List Example |
Nye, B. [TheRealBillNye]. (2009, April 8). Bill Nye the science guy on energy [Video]. YouTube. http://youtu.be/0ASLLiuejAo |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Creator's Last Name, Year) Example: (Nye, 2009) |
| In-Text Quote |
(Creator's Last Name, Year, Time stamp) Example: (Nye, 2009, 5:21) Note: If you are citing a direct quotation from a video, you can use the time stamp in place of a page number within the in-text citation. |
Have a question about citing films/videos that isn't answered on this page? Take a look at these webpages, created by authorities on APA style, for more detailed information:
