Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.
A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.
Recording Artist's/Composer's s Last Name, First initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of release). Title of song [Song]. On Title of album. Record label(s) separated by semicolons (;).
| Reference List Examples |
Robertson, R. (1968). The weight [Song]. On Music from big pink. Atlantic Records. Note: if the song is a piece of classical music, list the composer in addition to the recording artist. Beethoven, L. van. (2012). Symphony No. 3 in E-flat major [Song recorded by Staatskapelle Dresden]. On Beethoven: Complete symphonies. Brilliant Classics. (Original work published 1804) |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Recording Artist's or Composer's s Last Name, [Original year, if classical]/Release year) Examples: (Robertson, 1968) (Beethoven, 1804/2012) |
| In-Text Quote |
(Recording Artist's or Composer's s Last Name, [Original year, if classical]/Release year, track number) Examples: (Robertson, 1968, track 8) (Beethoven, 1804/2012, track 2) |
Note: if the song does not have an associated album, simply omit the section with the album.
Note: Include a URL in the reference if that location is the only means of retrieval (e.g., for artists who provide music in only one location, such as SoundCloud or on their website).
Host's Last Name, First initial. Second Initial if Given (Host). (Year, Month Day). Title of podcast episode (No. episode number, if provided) [Audio/Video podcast episode]. In Title of podcast series. Publisher. URL
| Reference List Example |
Rogers, S. (Host). (2012, June 18). Richard Wagamese: Children's book panel (No. 12) [Audio podcast episode]. In The next chapter. WNYC Studios. http://www.cbc.ca/thenextchapter/episode/2012/06/18/richard-wagamese-bookworm-childrens-book-panel/ Note: specify the type of podcast (audio or video) in square brackets. |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Host's last name, Year) Example: (Rogers, 2012) |
| In-Text Quote |
(Host's last name, Year, Time stamp) Example: (Rogers, 2012, 5:15) |
Note: if you did not access the podcast via an online source (e.g., if you used a podcast app), omit the URL.
Have a question about citing audio material that isn't answered on this page? Check out these webpages, created by an authority on APA style, for more detailed information:
