There are two ways to integrate others' research into your assignment: you can paraphrase or you can quote.
Paraphrasing is used to show that you understand what the author wrote. You must reword the passage, expressing the ideas in your own words, and not just change a few words here and there. Make sure to also include an in-text citation.
For more details on paraphrasing, please refer to our paraphrasing page.
Quoting is copying a selection from someone else's work, phrasing it exactly as it was originally written. When quoting place quotation marks (" ") around the selected passage to show where the quote begins and where it ends. Make sure to include an in-text citation.
For more details on quoting, please refer to our quoting page.
Hunt (2011) explains that mother-infant attachment has been a leading topic of developmental research since John Bowlby found that "children raised in institutions were deficient in emotional and personality development" (p. 358).
According to Smith (2017), wearable technology will positively impact supply chains by improving worker safety and product quality.
Note: Although not required, APA encourages including the page number when paraphrasing if it will help the reader locate the information in a long text and distinguish between the information that is coming from you and the source. Check with your instructor to determine if page numbers are needed for your coursework.
Q: Can I cite in-text once at the end of a paragraph, or do I need to cite after each sentence?
A: If you quote or paraphrase from a source more than once in a paragraph, cite the source each time. Citing only once at the end of the paragraph isn't enough, as it doesn't clearly show where you started using information from another person's work or ideas.
Q: How do you cite multiple works by the same author from the same year?
A: When you are citing two different sources that share the same author and year of publication, assign lowercase letters after the year of publication (a, b, c, etc.). Assign these letters according to which title comes first alphabetically. Use these letters in both in-text citations and the Reference list.
Q: How do I cite multiple sources inside the same in-text citation?
A: If you would like to cite more than one source within the same in-text citation, simply record the in-text citations as normal and separate them with a semi-colon. List the sources alphabetically by author's last name or first word used from the title if no author is given, in the same order they would appear on the References List.
